Anemia 1: Definition and Etiology

Definition
Anemia is a decrease in the number of under normal eritrosit per mm, or volume of red blood cells (packed red cells) in 100 ml of blood which occurs when the balance between blood loss (through bleeding, or destruction) and blood production is interrupted. (Dorland).
Anemia is defined as the concentration of hemoglobin and hematokrit below normal value, which caused a decrease in the carrying capacity of blood oxygen. (T, brace, L., 2000).

Anemia in the enforcement of the diagnosis, the WHO has set the criteria of anemia based on hemoglobin level (Hb) and hematokrit (Hmt), namely; diagnosis anemia in men when the degree of Hb < 9, and in women Hb degree <10.

Etiology
Anemia can be caused by many things so very difficult to enforce diagnosis etiologic anemia. Based on etiology anemia may be caused by; (Soenarto, 1997) and (Q, brace, L., 2000).
- Bleeding bleeding both acute and chronicle that can be caused by various reasons.
- Hemolisis namely lisis eritrosit Matur in circulation
- Bone marrow aberration, that is the case of bone marrow failure may be caused by the process immunologist, infiltration cells by leukemia or other malignant cells.
- Poor nutrition / nutritional anemia due to lack of oxygen the blood-forming substances in food, such as Fe, Vit B12, folat acid, protein, and others.