Diabetes Mellitus 4: Complications

Complications
In the DM disease, can occur a variety of complications, including complications and acute complications chronicles.
Acute complications, including:
1. Ketoasidosis Diabetic (KAD)
KAD is a condition dekompensasi metabolic due deficiency
absolute or relative insulin and the acute complications of DM
seriously.
KAD Lýsing main clinic is hyperglycemia, ketosis and acidosis
metabolic.
2. Hiperosmolar Non Ketotik (HNK)
In general, occur in people with HNK type 2 DM. The
is deficiency insulin and fluids that are not input adequate, which
then lead to increased production of glucose and hepar
interference of glucose skelet muscle.
3. Hypoglycemia
The clinic is Hypoglycemia nerves caused a decrease of blood glucose. This phenomenon can be nervous until the light weight form of a strain with commas. The cause is often hypoglycemia medicines hypoglycemic the sulfonilurea, especially glibenklamid or the occurrence of imbalance between calorie input, drug doses and daily activities.
Chronicles complications, including:
1. Complications Mikrovaskuler
a. Retinopati
Retinopati occur due to damage to the blood vessel supply
Blood to the retina. Retinopati can cause swelling in the
makula retina, so that interference can occur if the vision and
ongoing blindness can occur.
b. Nefropati
Pathogenesis nefropati related to the circumstances hyperglycemia
chronicles. On nefropati going structural changes in the glomerulus,
so that interference occurs on the kidney function.
c. Neuropati
Neuropati the damage to the nerve caused by
high glucose level in blood. However, the occurrence of pathogenesis
Neuropati not yet known exactly. Neuropati can occur either
sensory on nerve, motor, and autonomous.
DM type 1 and 2 suffered a prolonged period can affect
motility's and function of the system and gastrointestinal system genitourinary.
Neuropati autonomic on the gastrointestinal system can cause
parasimpatis nerve damage, can occur and gastroparesis,
constipation, diarrhea, disfungsi esophagus. Neuropati autonomic on the system
genitourinary can cause disfungsi genitourinary, for example,
kistopati, Erectile Dysfunction in men, and on sexual disfungsi
women, which include reduced sexual desire, dispareunia, and
reduced lubricate vagina. Neuropati autonomic
on vesika urinary can lead to muscle weakness vesika
urinary so not able to empty the contents of
perfect.
2. Complications Makrovaskuler
a. Vein coronary
DM is one of the major risk factors of disease cardiovascular
(equivalent to smoking, hypertension and hiperlipidemia). Improvement
morbidity's and mortality associated with the alleged synergism between hyperglycemia with cardiovascular other risk factors, such as dislipidemia, hypertension, Obesity, low physical activity, and smoking.
b. Blood vessel edge
Peripheral vascular disease or disease vaskuler perifer often occur in people with DM. DM exposed to the risk of disease vaskuler perifer is 8 times bigger than the person who is not suffering from DM. Complications often happens is that blood vessel damage to large and small on the leg and foot.
c. Brain blood vessel
Serebrovaskuler disease that can occur as complications in the DM brain such as blood vessel stroke, arteriosklerosis serebral, aneurisma serebral, and arterial disease serebral.
3. Complications with the combined mechanism
a. Kardiopati, a combination anatra coronary heart disease and kardiomiopati.
b. Risk of infection, such as tuberculosis tuberculosis, ginggivitis, channels, and urine infection. The high degree of blood glucose in DM can reduce the body immune system, due to a decrease in function leukosit
c. Diabetik foot or diabetic foot, patogenik involve several factors, namely neuropati on the nerve in the leg, foot biomekanik the abnormal, disease vaskuler perifer, and poor wound healing. Due diabetik foot, often to be done on foot abscission.