Definition
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome marked elevation of blood glucose level (hyperglycemia) chronicles a result deficiency insulin, relative or absolute, and / or hiperglukagonemia. Due to insulin deficiency will interference arising in carbohydrate metabolism (carbohydrate substance, KH), fat and protein
Clasifikation
According to the PB. PERKENI (2002), based on the DM can etiology classified as follows:
1. Type 1 DM
Type 1 DM caused destructs beta cells, generally to insulin deficiency absolute and can be autoimmune or idiopathic
2. Type 2 DM
Type 2 DM have type vary, particularly dominant start of insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency, until a particularly defek sekresi insulin with insulin resistance.
3. DM Type Other
Other Type of DM may be a genetic defek beta cell function, insulin defek genetic work, exocrine pancreas disease, endokrinopati, because drugs or chemical substances, infection, immunology for a rare, genetic syndrome or other related to the DM.
4. DM Gestational
DM Gestational glucose tolerance is a disturbance of various degrees
found at the time of first pregnancy, without discriminating whether sufferer
need insulin therapy or not.
Diagnosis
According to the PB. PERKENI (2002), diagnostic criteria of DM and glucose Disturbance Tolerance is as follows:
1. When blood glucose level (plasma vena) ≥ 200 mg / dl
2. Fasting blood glucose value (plasma vena) ≥ 126 mg / dl
3. Measure plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg / dl at 2 hours post-glucose loading
75 grams on Tolerance Test Oral glucose (TTGO).
Diagnostic criteria should be re-confirmed on the other, except for special circumstances hyperglycemia with dekompensasi metabolic weight, such as ketoasidosis, and the classic symptoms: poliuri, polidipsi, polifagi and body weight decreased rapidly.
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