cancer lungs: 3

Type of carcinoma is distinguished from the histological cell type:
Squamous cell carcinoma histological type of carcinoma is the most common bronkogenik found. Cancer is derived from the surface of bronchial epithelium. Epithelial changes including metaplasia or dysplasia due to long-term smoking, typically precedes the emergence of tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma usually located around the central hilum, and protruding into the major bronchi. The diameter of the tumor rarely exceeds a few centimeters, and tends to spread directly to the hilar lymph nodes, chest wall and mediastinum. Squamous cell carcinoma is often accompanied by cough and haemoptysis due to irritation or ulceration, pneumonia and abscess formation due to obstruction and secondary infection. Because these tumors tend to be somewhat slow to metastasize, so early treatment can improve prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma, as the name shows such as the cellular composition of bronchial glands and may contain mucus. Frequency increases and as a variant of carcinoma is the most widely bronkogenik. Most of these tumors arise in the peripheral segment bronchus and sometimes can be associated with local scarring of the lungs and chronic interstitial fibrosis. Lesions often extends through blood and lymph vessels in the early stages, and is still not showing clinical symptoms until the distant metastasis occurred.

Cell carcinoma, bronchial alveolar carcinoma is a subtype Adeno rarely found, and that comes from alveolar or bronchial epithelium of the terminal. general cause not real, accompanied by signs that resemble pneumonia. These neoplasms are macroscopic in some cases of pneumonia-like consolidation lobaris uniform. In microscopic look alveolar groups are limited by clear cells produce mucus and sputum are many mukoid. The prognosis is poor unless the affected lobe disposal during early disease. Adenocarcinoma is the only type of histology of lung cancer that have no obvious connection with smoking.

Large cell carcinoma is a malignant cells are large and very poorly differentiated with large cytoplasm and nucleus sizes vary. These cells tend to occur in lung tissue of peripheral, grew rapidly with extensive and rapid spread to places far away.

Small cell carcinoma, such as squamous cell type, usually located in the center around the main branching bronchi. Unlike lung cancer, the other, this type of tumor arising from Kulschitsky cells, the normal component of the bronchial epithelium. In microscopic, this tumor is made up of small cells (about twice the size of lymphocytes) with the nucleus and cytoplasm hiperkromatik slightly thick. These cells often resemble oat seeds, so named oat cell carcinoma. Carcinoma cellule have time fastest division worst prognosis compared all carcinoma bronkogenik. Early metastasis to the mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes, as well as with haematogenous spread to the distal organs, often encountered. Approximately 70% of patients had evidence of extensive disease (metastasis to distal) at the time of diagnosis, and number 5-year survival of less than 5%.

In addition bronkogenik carcinoma, another form of lung cancer include primary adenoma, sarcoma, and mesotelioma bronchus. Although rare, these tumors is important because it may mimic carcinoma bronkogenik and life-threatening.