Complete anamnesis and thorough physical examination is the key to proper diagnosis. In addition to clinical symptoms mentioned above, several factors need to be considered in patients with suspected lung cancer, including: factors of age, smoking habits, a history of cancer in the family, exposure to carcinogenic substances or exposed to the fungus, and infections that can cause solitary pulmonary nodule. Finding lung cancer at an early stage is very difficult because at this stage there are no complaints or symptoms. The size of tumors at early stages is relatively small (<1cm)> 40 years, smoking> 1 pack per day and / or working in polluted environment that allows happens lung cancer (factory paint, plastic, asbestos, etc.) . Research conducted by the NCI on cancer research center 3 for> 20 years of more than 30,000 volunteers male heavy smokers, where half undergo intensive screening with sputum cytologic examination every 4 months and chest roentgens images (PA and lateral) of each year and a half other as the control group. The results of this study showed a positive early-stage tumors in the first group of 45% and 15% in the control group. Patients with lung cancer has a 5-year rate of survival by 35% compared to the control group 13%. In this study, examination of malignant cells by cytologic examination of sputum more easily find squamous cell carcinoma, while the image more chest roentgens found adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Small cell carcinoma rare detected in early stages. Overall the study concluded that there is a positive value (benefits) in the early detection of lung cancer.
No comments:
Post a Comment