Some researchers such as Gordon, M., Bhattacharja, BC and Leiberman, E.J. try to separate the two populations of sperm and andro-sperm-sperm gino genuine. Then this pure seeds inserted into the uterine insemination by wives. Thus the certainty will be obtained by birth desired gender.
A. Electrophoresis methods
The rationale is that andro and gino-sperm have masses, sizes and different shapes. Will therefore contain an electrical load or different poles. So in this way are expected to andro-sperm will be attracted and gathered at one pole while gino-sperm into the other pole (Mochtar, 1998).
B. Centrifugation method (Pemusingan)
Since weight and mass are different, then after the two kinds of sperm sentrifuse each will form a layer in the tube, the layer containing the sperm and andro-containing layer gino-sperm (Mochtar, 1998).
C. Sedimentation methods (Sedimentation)
By the influence of gravity, gino greater sperm more quickly settles to the bottom of the tube deposits, while andro-more sperm live in the top layer (Mochtar, 1998).
D. Diaphragm method (Filter)
This method using a special diaphragm which just missed, such as andro-sperm and sperm contain-gino. The diaphragm is mounted close the cervix uteri of women like the only contraceptive diaphragm (Mochtar, 1998).
E. Pills Men and Women Pill
Researchers predict that within the next 2-3 decades advances in science in the field of biomedicine will produce a pill that can determine the sex. This pill will be swallowed by the husband prior to intercourse. If a woman wants a baby girl swallow pills. This was stated by Brich, CH. Director of Biology University of Sidney (Mochtar, 1998).
F. Reaction Tube Method
By using the tools that complicated and expensive researchers like Gardner, R., Edward, R., and Hafes, ESE. have been able to choose sperm and egg cells are guaranteed good quality. Similarly, through the micro operations, the embryo was able manipulated. Even they can separate the sex-chromatin found only in female cells only (Mochtar, 1998).
From developed countries reported that many are now available ready-made sperm, egg cells (ova), and even embryos stored in a sperm bank, the bank ova, and embryo banks.
The events of the amazing scientific disciplines of biology in humans has been much publicized. Among other things, the progress of science has been able to help many women who are naturally according to science content will not be able to have offspring because of the total damage to both the oviduct (fallopian tubes). How to help this woman popularly called "test-tube babies" which in principle is to perform the technique in vitro fertilization (IVF), fertilization is a technique in the tube containing food (tube nurseries), followed Embryo Transfer (ET), is the result seedbeds that implanted into the womb (Mochtar, 1998).
G. Cloning Method
Gender identification method days to be very amazing. But from a moral standpoint and spiritual will have broad impact.
The way is called cloning, which comes from the Greek word meaning a way / means of propagation without sexual relations. According to experts, not only allow cloning choose sex, but can also produce genetic clone (copy) which is identical to the original (Mochtar, 1998).
H. Method Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) by Leigh (2005), among others:
Is a technique fertiliasi in vitro (IVF) in which embryos created outside the womb and then tested gender and genetic disorders.
When PGD was introduced in 1989, this technique is only used to help couples or someone with a serious genetic disorder that reduces the risk of having offspring that suffer from the same disorder. PGD is now used for the same reasons but also used in women age 35 years or older and or have a history of abortion habitualis. Only the expert clinicians with this technique that can use this technique to select the sex without a medical reason. This technique has almost 100% effectiveness
During the IVF cycle, egg fertilized with sperm in a petri dish. Single cell or several cells into embryos and then moved 3 to 5 days and tested gender.
In normal IVF cycle, the researchers tried to distinguish between normal embryos by looking under the microscope. But with PGD, embryos are tested thoroughly genetic disorders and gender. By transferring only healthy embryos into the uterus, there would be little possibility of abortion or having children with genetic disorders. Prenatal tests such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was recommended if a woman aged 35 years or more because of genetic abnormalities can be detected in the older age pregnancy.
In normal IVF cycle, doctors usually transfer two or more embryos into the uterus. The amount depends on maternal age, embryo quality, and reproductive history. But with PGD, doctors transfer only no more than two because the embryos implant or may not result in a healthy pregnancy is removed.
I. Microsort method
Dye technique is a technique that tries to separate the sperm women with male sperm. Sperm with the desired gender are inserted directly into the uterus, usually through artificial insemination (AI) (Leigh, 2005).
Based Microsort that female sperm carrying the X chromosome is larger than female sperm carrying Y chromosomes This procedure involves staining sperm samples dipped in fluorescent and then eliminate them with lasers. X chromosome absorbs more dye and shine brighter than the Y chromosomes Sperm are then selected with the desired sex are transferred to the uterus by using artificial insemination. In the same case, in vitro fertilization (IVF) can be used to increase the possibility of pregnancy but very invasive and expensive (Leigh, 2005).
J. Ericsson Method
Is a technique that aims to separate the male sperm with female sperm. Sperm with the desired gender is inserted directly into the uterus through artificial insemination (Leigh, 2005).
Technique Ericsson has the effectiveness of 78-85% for sex selection of men and 73 to 75% for female sex selection (Leigh 2005).
Whole sperm swim, but the male sperm swim faster and reach the bottom. Rapid sperm swimming with the slow and sperm separated by the desired gender inseminased (Leigh, 2005).
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